Hair Bonding Product List and More

"Hair bonding" products are everywhere in 2024. The name implies you have been paying attention to haircare trends - like the brand Olaplex and their products that claim to repair many kinds of hair damage by patching up broken molecular bonds in the protein in the inner portion of the hair. 

Calling them that is great marketing - and not entirely inaccurate. Most of the products labeled “bonding” contain some ingredients that give hair extra elasticity and strength on the inside. Or prevent hard water minerals from interacting with the product.  The early 2000s bonding products' claims were to rebuild bonds in damaged hair, you can find my post about research investigating those claims here. Now it seems to mean more broadly that a product contains some ingredients designed for hair-health in the presence of chemical treatments, styling stress and wear and tear. 

If an ingredient can find its way into your hair’s cortex, or even under the cuticles - it is likely to interact with the proteins and form temporary bonds that may help stabilize the proteins on a molecular level - if only temporarily. So there you go - bond building.

Not all these ingredients that do the job of bond building are new! Some of them have been in products for years already. Some of those products were already very popular. 😎

Ingredients that can enhance or create internal bonds in hair - that’s not a new thing either. Every time hair gets wet bonds are broken (and re-formed when dry). There are other bonds that happen within the protein structure of hair that can be influenced by products that can soak in.

I know you'll be wondering - can these ingredients work in things you rinse off? Market research and third party testing of products post-market for the ingredients indicates that they do indeed deposit in and on the hair and resist rinsing off. Staying with your hair for greater hydration and less breakage.

 This post contain affiliate links for which I may receive a small commission when clicked, at no cost to you, and revealing none of your personal information to me.

The Ingredients

Notice the letter-code! That is in the lists below for the 5 new-ish ingredients below.

Many of these also include heat-protectants like Hydrolyzed wheat protein PG Silanetriol and other great ingredients. Only the splashy bond-building ingredients are getting a mention here.

New "Bond Repair" Ingredients

Isopentyldiol: (ISO) Smooths down damaged cuticles (smoother hair/more slip, less frizz), protects hair color by reducing color-loss during washing, reduces frizz in straightened hair (when used in shampoo and conditioner). This is a small enough molecule to penetrate into the hair shaft. Improves hair-strength (through hydration within hair shaft - this acts as a humectant). 

Hydroxypropylgluconamide, Hydroxypropylammonium Gluconate: (HHG) This is a patented active ingredient that induces bond-formation / “bridges” between damaged areas inside hair, reduces breakage and strengthen hair. This is a small enough molecule to penetrate into the hair shaft. This benefit has been demonstrated in hair of people of European, African American and Asian descent. This  also acts as a humectant.

Itaconic acid + arginine + Panthenol (ITA) This ingredient-combination has been found to increase strength / reduce breakage. This is a small enough molecule to penetrate into the hair shaft.

Dimethyl maleate and bis-aminopropyl diglycol dimaleate: (DMB) Olaplex's patented ingredient that is claimed to increase strength and "repair" damage. This is a small enough molecule to penetrate into the hair shaft.

Bis-4-PCA Dimethicone: (BPCA) Moisturizing, increases strength, "repairs" damage. PCA is a small enough molecule to penetrate into the hair shaft

The Bond-Builders That Have Been With Us For Years

Lower molecular weight conditioners: Cetrimonium bromide and Cetrimonium chloride can seep into the cuticle layer and underneath. They may not penetrate as deeply as the itty-bitty humectants and amino acids, but they offer strength under pressure (force) to chemically processed or damaged hair.

Proteins and Animo Acids: Especially in damaged hair, proteins and amino acids can penetrate deeply into hair, depending on the amount of damage and the molecular weight (the “size”) of the protein.

- In LOW HUMIDITY, damaged hair receives the most significant benefit in breakage reduction and elasticity from Medium and High molecular weight proteins. This benefit has been tested in Type 4, relaxed hair specifically. If you have a different hair texture and curl pattern but also have chemically damaged hair, your hair is likely to benefit a great deal too. The take-home message is that damaged hair benefits more from proteins than un-damaged hair - in regards to managing elasticity and reducing breakage in a wide range of humidity!

- Amino acids can also penetrate deeply into hair, and have the lowest molecular weight. The specific amino acid matters. Some add strength, some do not.  Arginine, Histidine, Cysteine and Phenylalanine in particular are known to add strength to hair.

Read this table: Start at the top and read down each column. The left-most column tells you what the information in each row refers to. This is a generalization, protein weights can vary.
Click this table to make it more readable.

Humectants:

- PCA (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid) - Sodium PCA, Zinc PCA hare also been shown to penetrate into hair to add elasticity / breakage resistance. It can also help with color-retention in dyed hair.

- Panthenol: A low molecular weight humectant that can penetrate skin and hair. Increases shine and elasticity  / breakage resistance.

- Glycerin, Propylene glycol, Sorbitol, Honey: These are low molecular weight humectants that have polarity - so they are likely attracted to hair proteins and small enough to penetrate into hair. They can add flexibility and softness.

Damaged Hair Only? These ingredients make the biggest difference on damaged hair. Chemically treated (relaxed, permed, highlighted, permanent colors), heat-styled (hair dryer, irons/tongs), UV-damaged, swimmers' hair, very long hair.

Now the lists! Folks, figuring out how to organize these list so they're useful is not easy. I would appreciate feedback about what list-organization is most helpful to you. Leave a comment, I check them frequently. This time, I'm indicating pricing (US dollars).

There are good products in nearly all PRICE RANGES!  If you have hair that doesn't respond to a lot of other things you've tried, it might be worth investing in one of these vs. a bunch of styling products.

$0-10: 💲
$10-20: 💲💲
$20-30: 💲💲💲
$30 and up 💲💲💲💲

Product Lists

Shampoos

BondBar Shampoo (HHG) 💲

BondBar Purple Shampoo for blonde or silver/white hair  (HHG) 💲

BondBar Blue Shampoo for brunette or blonde, silver or white hair (HHG) 💲

Verb Bonding Shampoo (HHG, Arginine) 💲💲

Ouidad Unbreakable Bonds Shampoo - Fragrance free! (HHG) 💲💲

Not Your Mother's Tough Love Bonding Shampoo 02 (ITA) [Protein-free] 💲💲 

Not Your Mother's Curl Talk Bond Building Shampoo ( HHG) Propylene glycol, Arginine, Rice amino acids💲

Xmondo Recalibrate Shampoo (HHG, ISO) 💲💲💲

Olaplex #4 Bond Maintenance Shampoo (DMB) 💲💲💲

Bumble and Bumble Bond-Building Repair Shampoo (HHG) 💲💲💲💲

Conditioners

BondBar Bonding Conditioner (HHG) 💲 [Protein-free]

Not your mother’s Bonding Conditioner 03 (ITA) 💲💲

Not Your Mother's Curl Talk Bond Building Conditioner ( HHG) Propylene glycol, Arginine, Rice amino acids💲

GVP Conditioning Balm (Propylene glycol, low molecular weight fatty acids, Cetrimonium chloride) 💲💲 for a LITER bottle. Generic for Matrix.

Matrix Biolage Hydrasource Conditioning Balm  (Propylene glycol, low molecular weight fatty acids, Cetrimonium chloride) 💲💲💲

Ouidad Unbreakable Bonds Conditioner - Fragrance Free!  (HHG) 💲💲

Shea Moisture Amla Oil Bond Repair Conditioner (Amino acids, HHG) 💲💲

Olaplex #5 Bond Maintenance Conditioner (DMB) 💲💲💲

Xmondo Recalibrate Bond Repair Conditioner (HHG, ISO) 💲💲💲

Bumble and Bumble Bond-Building Repair Conditioner  (HHG) 💲💲💲💲

Deep Conditioners / Intense treatments / Reconstructors

BondBar Hydration Mask (HHG) 💲 [Protein-free]

Soapbox Let's Bond (Med. weight proteins, amino acids, HHG) 💲

ApHogee Keratin 2 Minute Reconstructor  keratin, collagen amino acids (contains Mineral oil) 💲

Creme of Nature Acai Berry and Keratin Strengthening Mask: Keratin amino acids, Panthenol  💲

BondBar Bonding Booster (HHG) 💲💲 [Protein-free] - Not a deep conditioner - this is mostly the active ingredient and can be added to chemical processes or to products.  Fragrance-free!

Mielle Babassu Mint Deep Conditioner (Sodium PCA, amino acids) 💲💲

Not Your Mother's Tough Love Intense Bonding Treatment 01 (BPCA) 💲💲

Not Your Mother's Curl Talk Bond Building Mask ( HHG) Propylene glycol, Arginine, Rice amino acids💲

Shea Moisture Bond Repair Masque (Amino Acids, HHG) 💲💲

Verb Bonding Mask (HHG, Panthenol) 💲💲

ApHogee 2-Step Protein Treatment for Damaged hair (Hydrolyzed collagen) - This product is intense💲💲

Curl Junkie "Repair me" keratin, keratin amino acids

CurlSmith Curl Bond Rehab Salve (HHG)💲💲💲

Xmondo Recalibrate Bond Repair Treatment (ISO, HHG, Cetrimonium bromide ) 💲💲💲

Bumble and Bumble Bond-Building Repair Treatment (HHG)[Protein-free] 💲💲💲💲

Pre-Wash treatments

BondBar Pre Shampoo Treatment  (HHG) 💲 [Protein-free]

Not Your Mother's Bonding Leave-In Protector (ITA) 💲💲

Olaplex #3 Hair Perfector (DMB) 💲💲💲

Olaplex #0 Intensive Bond Building Treatment (DMB)  💲💲💲

Leave-On Products

BondBar Styling Cream (HHG) 💲 [Protein-free]

BondBar Bonding Concentrate / Heat protectant (HHG) 💲 [Protein-free]

Marc Anthony Repair Bond Resculpt Leave-in Treatment (BPCA) 💲

Shea Moisture Bond Repair Leave-In Conditioner (Amino Acids, HHG) 💲💲

Inkey List PCA Bond Repair Hair treatment (BPCA) 💲💲

K-18 Biomimetic Leave-In Hair Mask  (Medium molecular weight peptides and proteins, Propylene glycol) 💲💲

Ouidad Unbreakable Bonds Mixing Drops (HHG) 💲💲💲 (Use this to customize other products)

Xmondo Recalibrate Bond Repair Leave-In (HHG) 💲💲💲

Living Proof Triple Bond Complex Leave-in Treatment / heat protectant (ISO)💲💲💲💲

Bumble and Bumble Bond-Building Repair Oil Serum (HHG) 💲💲💲💲

Bumble and Bumble Bond-Building Repair Styling Cream  (HHG)💲💲💲💲

References

Strengthening the Hair Fiber from Within: Repairing the Cortex of Damaged Hair

 Emmanuel PJM Everaert, Sheldon Zhang, Diem Tran, Bert Kroon, Guojin Zhang, Bill Thompson and Roger L. McMullen. 2015  Paper Presented at the International Federation of Societies of Cosmetic Chemists.

Chambers LI, Yufit DS, Musa OM, Steed JW. Understanding the Interaction of Gluconamides and Gluconates with Amino Acids in Hair Care. Cryst Growth Des. 2022 Oct 5;22(10):6190-6200. doi: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00753. Epub 2022 Sep 20. PMID: 36217417; PMCID: PMC9542698.

Harper DL, Kamath YK. The effect of treatments on the shear modulus of human hair measured by the single fiber torsion pendulum. J Cosmet Sci. 2007 Jul-Aug;58(4):329-37. PMID: 17728933.

Malinauskyte, E., Shrestha, R., Cornwell, P.A., Gourion-Arsiquaud, S. and Hindley, M. (2021), Penetration of different molecular weight hydrolysed keratins into hair fibres and their effects on the physical properties of textured hair. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 43: 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12663

Oshimura E, Abe H, Oota R. Hair and amino acids: the interactions and the effects. J Cosmet Sci. 2007 Jul-Aug;58(4):347-57. PMID: 17728935.

Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair, Robbins, 1994. 3^rd Ed. Springer-Verlag, New York

Hair in Perimenopause and Menopause Part 4: Hair thinning - more than just hormones

The number of hairs on our heads tends to decrease gradually after age 50. It may not be noticeable right away.

This post is about why hair loss happens, a few of the more-common and better studied treatments, how they fit into the picture.

Between ages 50-65, just over 50% of women experience something more noticeable than minor thinning: “Female Pattern Hair Loss” (Androgenetic alopecia). Fifty percent! Ours is a culture that values appearance and losing hair is not popular. But it is common, normal and it’s nothing to be ashamed of. None the less, I’m assuming you might want to try to maintain your hair-density or help it grow back.

We’re going to cover what those issues are, strategies to manage them, and how to weigh costs and benefits.

As always - when you notice hair-thinning, consult with your healthcare provider FIRST! You need to know why you are losing hair, and whether it’s a symptom of an illness, of a medication-change, or a skin-reaction. Hair-loss is an important physical symptom. Don’t risk your health treating hair loss if you don’t know the cause!

[Causes of hair loss a doctor can diagnose that you don’t want to miss include: Medication reaction, thyroid disease, skin disease like psoriasis or alopecia areata, depression, severe stress, nutritional deficiency]. 

Folks - sometimes the first indicator of your skin reacting to a product is hair-loss! 

Image of hair thinning
at the crown, 
used with permission 
of the subject.

 This post contain affiliate links for which I may receive a small commission when clicked, at no cost to you, and revealing none of your personal information to me.

Androgenetic alopecia and hair thinning: It’s not just hormones.

But first - let’s talk about hormones!

• Pattern hair loss in women occurs at the crown/top of the head (around the part), maybe at the hairline. It can be more on one side than the other.
• Androgenetic alopecia is related to androgen activity (hormones more dominant in men) in the hair follicle. Estrogen and progesterone protect pre-menopausal women from the effects of androgens on the hair follicle somewhat. Androgens can make hairs thicker (like armpit hair and leg hair when you’re a teenager), and they can (in combination with enzymes that break them down) also make thicker hairs narrow and transparent again.
• Androgenetic alopecia causes hairs to become very thin vellus hairs, like the thin, almost transparent hair on “non-hairy” body parts. And it also shortens the hair’s life cycle from 3-5 years to… less than that!
• Just having androgens present isn’t the problem. It’s the “newness” of not having as much estrogen and progesterone to offset the effects of androgens. And also…
• The way growth hormones in the hair follicle present themselves in the face of age and inflammation can interact with androgens to create a toxic environment for hairs. Hormones are never alone, they’re in a stew of other chemicals up there in your hair follicles.
• Genetics may make your hair follicles more sensitive to these conditions if pattern hair loss runs in your family.

How else do hormones play a role? In Part I, we covered the increased sensitivity-potential of skin due to a less-robust skin-barrier. That means your skin may be more likely to react to things with irritation and inflammation. Inflammation can result in worse hair-thinning!

There is an inflammatory component to hair thinning. This is caused by UV exposure, irritants, or even your own scalp flora (yeasts, bacteria) which, while they’re supposed to be there, and help maintain our skin’s defense system, can also cause some oxidative stress or outright irritation and inflammation. Irritation and inflammation? Me!?

Think of this as cumulative (oxidative) stress on your scalp. UV light from the sun, chronic low-grade inflammation from skin irritants, all come together to create a situation that is more difficult to keep hair follicles productive of full-size hairs that live out their full potential  - a multi-year life span.

There is a Nutritional component to hair thinning.

The short story: Nutrient deficiencies can cause hair thinning, preventing deficiencies is the optimal strategy. Prevent deficiencies by eating a nutritious diet, pay attention to blood tests for iron and vitamin D. If you take daily medications, ask about whether they may make it difficult to absorb nutrients and whether you should supplement. If you have a gastrointestinal disease, ask about whether you need to supplement vitamins and minerals. 

Vitamin and mineral supplements for hair loss have mixed results in people who do not have nutrient deficiencies. Selling you supplements promising hair growth is a lucrative but unregulated market - almost any claim can be made as long as the product does not claim to treat a disease.

Taking high-dose vitamins and minerals comes with potential risks! For example, high-dose biotin can cause a blood test used to determine whether you’ve had a heart attack, to be inaccurate. Which could delay potentially life-saving testing and treatment. It can also alter Thyroid hormone test results.

Iron, Vitamin D, B vitamins, Zinc 

• There is good evidence that having low (deficient, insufficient) Ferritin and Vitamin D levels may lead to hair loss. Supplementing these (according to your doctor’s guidance) is important for your health, though it may or may not lead to improvements in hair density. This post has more information, a sufficient level can be quite a bit above the lab-test "deficiency" level.
• If you have a B vitamin deficiency (biotin, folate, pantothenic acid, B12), hair loss may improve with supplements. Most of us are not deficient in those, but in cases of intestinal disease, limited diets, food allergy, or inhibited absorption due to medication interactions, deficiency can be a problem, and correcting it may improve hair density.
• Zinc deficiency can also cause hair loss. Correcting that may improve hair density. Studies of zinc supplementation for hair density when there is no deficiency have mixed results.

There is a Vascular component to hair thinning. Hair follicles need a steady supply of blood. Exercise is one way to improve circulation. But the scalp may need a boost. 

Topical Caffeine and Minoxidil both increase circulation to the scalp by opening up blood vessels. Massage can do the same - although creating friction or tugging on roots is not helpful. 

Massage by moving the skin gently in multiple directions several times may be helpful.

There is a Metabolic component to hair thinning. Atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries due to cholesterol plaques), high blood sugar/insulin resistance - “metabolic syndrome.” These are systemic health issues that may worsen any form of hair thinning. They need to be addressed for health reasons - but are a good example of how hair-thinning provides an overall picture of a person’s health. Managing your diet and lifestyle to promote heart-health, prevent strokes and prevent Type 2 diabetes may be a benefit to your hair-density in the long term. 😀

There is a Stress component to hair thinning. Illness, surgery, loss of a loved one, psychosocial stress like divorce or losing a job can all trigger telogen effluvium, when a large number of hairs move into the falling-out phase. This may take months to actually see the hair begin to fall. And it may continue for months. Hair may regrow back to its previous density in time. 

Treatments for Androgenetic alopecia aim at a lot of different targets: Hormonal, circulation, inflammation.

Healthcare providers can prescribe (for menopausal women) drugs that block some androgen activity in the follicle (Finasteride or Spironolactone) topically or pills. You’ll see these online through telemedicine too - but be aware there are potential drug interactions and side effects. Those are hormonal treatments, and it’s best to use hormonal treatments with the assistance of a healthcare provider you trust. If you get them through telemedicine, be sure to mention them to your in-person healthcare providers.

Hair loss treatments with consistent results in clinical testing:

Minoxidil [Vasodilator, may inhibit androgen activity]: This works in just over half the people who use it, and can increase hair counts (number of hairs per square inch or cm/sq) by anywhere from 10% to 30%.

• Women and men can use the 5% strength.
• It can be applied once daily, even though twice daily is recommended, that’s unrealistic for a lot of us.
• It can be applied with a cotton swab for less residue and mess.
• Minoxidil is not for people on blood pressure medication or with heart disease without asking your doctor first.

Topical caffeine [Vasodilator, may inhibit androgen activity, may reduce effects of UV on follicles when used with other forms of sun protection]

• In a 2018 study done on men with androgenetic alopecia (in vivo), a 0.2% caffeine solution was used twice per day, increasing the number of hairs in the growing phase (anagen) by almost 11% - similar to the results from the 5% Minoxidil used in the same study. 
• Caffeine may not produce as robust results as Minoxidil - but it is absorbed through the skin from shampoos or serums - and what could be easier than shampooing in your hair-loss treatment? I don’t have numbers for what % or users it works for. That may be coming as it is more widely available.
• List of products containing caffeine can be found on this page.

Anti-inflammatory therapy from anti-dandruff shampoo [Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, hair density maintenance]:

A human trial of 3 anti-dandruff shampoos was published in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science in 2002 in 150 men (age 18-65) with mild to moderate hair loss related to androgenetic alopecia, using anti-dandruff shampoos 2-3 times per week after 6 months. They found that shampoos with 1% Ketoconazole, Zinc pyrithione, or Piroctone olamine reduced shedding by an average of 15%, and increased the number of hairs in the “growth phase” by an average of 7%, and Ketoconazole and Piroctone olamine may help change some vellus hairs back to normal-width.

This is hair density-maintenance that is really easy to use.

I have a list of these products, sorted by active ingredient on this page.

There are a number of other topical treatments and supplements to cover in a future post!

Hair-loss preventative maintenance: 

• Protect your scalp from the sun. And also from blasts of cold or dry wind by wearing a hat, scarf or hood.
• Eat a nutritious, diverse diet with adequate protein. 1.1 grams protein per kg body weight is recommended for menopausal women age 60-90 to maintain muscle mass. That’s about 50 grams protein per 100 pounds of body weight. The body needs enough protein if it’s going to grow hair - otherwise it may prioritize other things.
• If you have chronic telogen effluvium (you keep shedding a lot, or shedding in cycles - unrelated to a medical issue), and you dye your hair or highlight your hair, consider that you may be experiencing shedding in response to hair color treatments. Consider changing brands (and always patch-test first), or use a different means of color (pure henna, HairPrint, color-depositing conditioners or hair color gloss like this, or this). 
• Skin may become more sensitive - an increase in hair-shedding can sometimes be the only symptom of a sensitivity to a product. Stop using any new products (or ones you use intermittently) if you notice hair shedding with that product.
• Get at least 6 hours of sleep each night. Too-little sleep correlates with worse symptoms of pattern hair loss.

Cost-Benefit Analysis:

Anything you use to help with hair thinning has to be continued or you will lose the benefits. And you must give the product 3-6 months to learn whether it is working. Assuming it doesn’t cause irritation or difficult side effects.

We don’t care what a product claims to do, we only care about what it does for you. You are unique, that product is "one size fits all."

If you get a good result (see hair filling in thin patches), and you’re not experiencing side effects, that’s a good result! 

If you see some benefits, but the product makes your scalp uncomfortable - that’s not a good result. You could experience long-term inflammation and worsen the situation in the future.

If you get a good result but the product is cosmetically awful, get creative. Can you keep the benefits but apply the product a few hours before washing your hair? Can you use less by applying it with a cotton swab?

Do consider that you may need more than 1 approach. For example, to manage inflammation + circulation.

Some treatments are free - even if they’re only density-maintenance. Like hat-wearing and scalp massage, getting enough sleep. It all ads up!

Subscribe on Bloglovin (below), or follow me on Facebook (as GoosefootPrints) Or Instagram to be updated with future posts!

Science-y Hair Blog © 2024 by  Wendy M.S. is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 

References:

C. C. Zouboulis, U. Blume-Peytavi, M. Kosmadaki, E. Roó, D. Vexiau-Robert, D. Kerob & S. R. Goldstein (2022) Skin, hair and beyond: the impact of menopause, Climacteric, 25:5, 434-442, DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2050206

Kendall AC, Pilkington SM, Wray JR, Newton VL, Griffiths CEM, Bell M, Watson REB, Nicolaou A. Menopause induces changes to the stratum corneum ceramide profile, which are prevented by hormone replacement therapy. Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 15;12(1):21715. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26095-0. PMID: 36522440; PMCID: PMC9755298.

Qingyang Li, Hui Fang, Erle Dang, Gang Wang. 2020. The role of ceramides in skin homeostasis and inflammatory skin diseases. Journal of Dermatological Science, Volume 97, Issue 1,

Grymowicz M, Rudnicka E, Podfigurna A, Napierala P, Smolarczyk R, Smolarczyk K, Meczekalski B. Hormonal Effects on Hair Follicles. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 28;21(15):5342. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155342. PMID: 32731328; PMCID: PMC7432488.

Sebum composition: Age-related Changes in Sebaceous Gland Activity

PETER E. POCHI, M .D., JOHN S. STRAUSS, M.D., AND DONALD T. DOWNING, PH.D. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. THE JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY, 73:108-111,1979 

Pochi PE, Strauss JS, Downing DT. Age-related changes in sebaceous gland activity. J Invest Dermatol. 1979 Jul;73(1):108-11. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12532792. PMID: 448169.

Picardo M, Ottaviani M, Camera E, Mastrofrancesco A. Sebaceous gland lipids. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009 Mar;1(2):68-71. doi: 10.4161/derm.1.2.8472. PMID: 20224686; PMCID: PMC2835893.

Chaikittisilpa S, Rattanasirisin N, Panchaprateep R, Orprayoon N, Phutrakul P, Suwan A, Jaisamrarn U. Prevalence of female pattern hair loss in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. Menopause. 2022 Feb 14;29(4):415-420. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001927. PMID: 35357365.

Loing E, Lachance R, Ollier V, Hocquaux M. A new strategy to modulate alopecia using a combination of two specific and unique ingredients. J Cosmet Sci. 2013 Jan-Feb;64(1):45-58. PMID: 23449130.

Sadgrove, N.; Batra, S.; Barreto, D.; Rapaport, J. An Updated Etiology of Hair Loss and the New Cosmeceutical Paradigm in Therapy: Clearing ‘the Big Eight Strikes’. Cosmetics 2023, 10, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10040106

Koyama T, Kobayashi K, Hama T, Murakami K, Ogawa R. Standardized Scalp Massage Results in Increased Hair Thickness by Inducing Stretching Forces to Dermal Papilla Cells in the Subcutaneous Tissue. Eplasty. 2016 Jan 25;16:e8. PMID: 26904154; PMCID: PMC4740347.